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61i:Sheet s- -Sheet1 I A. D; NEAL Sa H. F. EATON; ELECTRICAL TYPE WRITER.-

No. 487,227. Patented Nov. 29, 1892.

(No Model.)

Witnesses, In nag 5 GJ w Q5669 1 6612/ a)? 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

N mm m PW .E w T f L w m NU m DE (No Model.)

Patented Nov. 29 1892 (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

A. D. NEAL & F. EATON ELECTRICAL TYPE WRITER.

No. 487,227. Patented Nov. 29, 1892..

PISA-Z21 II, MIN

H I HI Hm ll I III "Mil l I "I ll F W i 6 Shets-Sheet 5. A. D. NEAL & H. P. EATON.

(No Model.)

ELECTRICAL TYPE WRITER.

Patented Nov. 29, 1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT prion.

ALBERT D. NEAL, OF BOSTON, AND HOWARD F. EATON,

or QUINCY,

ELECTRICAL TYPE-WRITER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 487,227, dated November 29, 1892. Application filed May 27, 1892. Serial No. 434,603. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, ALBERT D. NEAL, of Boston, county of Suffolk, and HOWARD F. EATON, of Quincy, county of Norfolk, State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in TypeWVriters, of whichthe following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters and figures on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention has for its object to provide a system of communication between stations; audit consists in a novel arrangement and construction of type-writingapparatuswhereby a message may be transmitted from one point or station to another or distant point or station.

In accordance with our invention a typewriter of any ordinary construction at the transmitting-station has located below its key levers a series of normally-open circuit-controllers, which are independent and disconnected from the said key-levers, there being one such circuit-controller for each key of the type-writer, and the said circuit-controllers are electrically connected to one or more typewriters located at the receiving station or stations, the said receiving type-writers being of novel construction, as will be described. The transmitting type-writer has connected in circuit with it an indicating device by which the operator is notified whether or not the circuits connecting the transmitting typewriters with the receiving type-Writers are in operative condition.

The particular features in which our in vention consists will be pointed out in the claims at the end of this specification.

Figure 1 is a top or plan view of a typewriter receiving apparatus embodying our invention; Fig. 2, a side elevation of the receiving-instrument shown in Fig. 1 with the base broken out; Fig. 3, a section of the receivinginstrument shown in 2 on the irregular line 00 at; Fig. 4, a rear elevation of the receiving-instrument shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 5, a detail to more clearly show the construction of the receiving type-writer; Fig. 6, a detail in section of a sufficient portion of the transmitting type-writer; Fig. 7,-a'detail in frontelevation,partiallybroken out, of the indicating device connected to the transmitter; Fig. 8,2 sectional detail on the line oc'oc, Fig. 7; Fig. 9, a diagram of circuits to more clearly illustrate the operation of our apparatus; Fig. 10, a detail to be referred to;' Fig. 11, a detail, on an enlarged scale,in side elevation, of the mechanism for rotating the impression-roller; Fig. 12, a detail in plan view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 11; Fig. 13, a detail, on an enlarged scale,of the mechanism for feeding the carriage; Fig. 14:, a detail in section and elevation of the clutch mechanism, and Fig. 15 a detail to be referred to.

In accordance with our invention a typewriter, which may be of any usual or wellknown construction, such as now commonly used, it being herein shown as provided with theusual keys (1, (see Fig. 6,) is located at one point or station, and each key controls the circuit of any desired number of magnets, each of whichisconnected to operate the correspondingkey of any desired number of typewriters located at anotheror receiving station. Each key a is adapted to strike the movable member of an independent normally-open circuit-controller, which member is herein shown as a cap a on a rod extended through a plate a and provided below the said plate with an enlarged head a adapted to be forced into contact with spring-arms a (4 the said spring-arms secured to a base a", constituting the other member of the circuit-controller, the said movable member being normally elevated, as herein shown, bya spring a encircling it. The spring-arms a a of each circuit-controllerof the transmitting type-writer are connected in circuit, as will be described, with a magnet secured to and forming part of a receiving type-writer located at a distantpoint or station. a

The receiving type-writer herein shown is constructed in the main after the manner of the well-known Remington type-writer, it being provided with the usual impression-roller a" the printing-ribbon e the type-levers 4 a carriage a, movable on guide-rods at a and a movable frame a carrying the impression-roller and supported by and adapted to slide on the said carriage. Each type-lever a 'is connected by a rod 1), preferably to a lever 19', (see Fig. 5,) pivoted, as at 11 and connected by a rod 11 to the pivoted armature b of an electro-magnet 5 The electro-magn ets b (there being one for each lever a) are located, as herein shown, within a case, (see Fig. 2,) upon the top 12 of which the main portion of the type-writer receiving-instrument is supported. The electro-magnets b are preferably arranged in circular rows, as shown in Fig. 3, to economize in space.

The stationary carriage a of the typewriter is mounted to turn on the rod a in the usual manner, and the said carriage supports a roll b of paper, which is passed about the impression-roller a the said paper being keptin contact with the said impression-roller by the usual bands b passed about wheels 19 I9 mounted on rods b b, secured to and supported at opposite sides of the movable framed", the rod 19 upon which the wheels 19 are. secured, having mounted. upon. it-a guide-roller I9 The shaft of the impressionrroller a has mounted upon it a ratchet-wheel b, which is engaged by a push-pawl Z3 pivoted toan arm I), mounted to swing upon the shaftof the said, roller, the said arm being provided at its lower end with a roller b", (see dotted lines,

Fig. 1, and full lines, Fig. 11,) whichis adapt.- ed to engagecthe inclined face-of acam-block 19 (see Figs. 1, 2, and 12,) securedtoor formingpart of a bracket 11 fastened tonthe top or bed plate 5 of the. machine, they said roller 1) as it rides up the inclined surface of the cam 19 turning the arm b onitsshaft in the direction of arrow 20, Figs. 1 and 11,

and thereby rotating theimpressioincylinder a the distance of one tooth topresent anew space or portion of the paper to. be printed upon.

The roller 0. is held in its new .positionas long as the roller b" is engaged with. the in.- clined cam Z2 and as soon as the carriage a is moved toward theleft in Fig. 1,01. in the direction of arrow 21, the roller b is gradually withdrawn from engagement with the cam b, as indicated by the dotted-line positions, Fig. 12, and when the roller b" in the movement of the carriage clears the caml) the arm b is moved backward, as herein shown, by a spring I) (see Figs. 2 and 11) to placeithe pawl 19 in engagement with another or next adjacent tooth on the ratchet-wheel b to movev the said wheel and impressionroller the distance of another tooth, when the roller b" is again broughtin engagementwith the cam Z9 The carriage a is provided at its rear side with-wheels 12 which ride upon the rod a, and at its front side with a wheelb itraveling onthe bed-plate b of the machine The stationary carriage a. at therear side of the machine is provided with the usual rack-bar 0, (see Figs. 4t and 13,) which is ,engaged by the. loose or pivoted tooth .c' of a pallet-bar c havinga rigid ratchet-tooth 0 as now commonly constructed, the saidpalletbar, which forms 'partof the feed mechanism,

being secured to or forming part of a rockshaft 0 having bearings in arms 0 attached to the bed-plate. The pallet-bar c is connected by a link or rod 0 to one arm 0' of an elbow-lever pivoted, as at 0 (see Fig. 2,) and having its other arm 0 pivoted, as herein shown, to a .lug 0 on a. cross bar or bridge 0 secured to transverse bars 0 of a plate or ring 0 supported by rods c, secured to the endmost cross-bars 0 there being three such cross-bars herein shown. The center crossbar 0 as herein shown, is provided on its under side with lugs to which is pivoted a link 0 having its other end connected to thefree end of the armature 0 of an electromagnet which in practice is connected to an independent keyof the transmitting-instru ment. The plate. or ring, 01 is .herein shownE as. elliptical in form (seeFig. 3) and extends below the long arm on. eachlever b, connectingthe rod 1) with thelink b and ar-. mature b so, that when the armature ,b -of anyone electro-magnet of the receivingeinstrument is attracted the leverb ismoved downin contact withthe plate.c ,-whic h,ber ing rigidly connected to the rode and crossbar 0 produces a movementof the palletbar 0 in thedirection. of arrow 23, Fig.2, to bring the: ratchet tooth c of the pallet-bar into engagement with the rack-bare andmove the loose tooth c ofv thesaid pallet-bar tothe rear of. and out of engagement with the said rack-bar, permitting the said loose tooth to be moved by a springcl toward the left in Fig. 13 and in. line with the. next adjacent tooth, (marked 50 in Fig.13),sothat whenthe circuit of the electrormagmt is broken at the transmittingdnstrumentthe loose toothv ,c of the pallet-bar will be brought into engagement with the tooth marked, 50 of the rack bar, as by ,thespring 0 (see Fig 13,) andzas the said pallet-bar is moved backward,orin the direction opposite to that indicated. by arrow 23, thecarriage and the parts sustained by it will be permitted to be moved onestep-toward the left,,or in the direction of arrow-21, Fig. 1.

The pallet-bar c is herein shown as moved backward by thespring on the shaft 04.

The plate-e may be operated by energizing the magnet 0 so as toproduce movement of the carriage independently of the usual keys.

The carriage maybe moved across themachine by any suitable or usual motor. such, as now commonlyused, it being herein shown as connected by a brace or bar e to an-endless band or belt d, passed about pulley d CF. The band-pulley d is mounted upon a shaft (1 havingbearings in .the framework .of the machine, and. the said shaft is providediwith a clutch mechanism consisting, as herein shown, of two sleeves d d, adapted to engage hubs or rings (i d", loosely mountedupon theshaft d and having fast upon thempinions (1 ,01 which are rotated in opposite direc-. tions by gears (1 01 (see Figs. 2 and 14,) forming part of a clock mechanism of any usual or well-known construction, the said clock mechanism being wound, as herein shown, in the usual manner, as by a key applied to the main shaft (Z The sleeves d d are moved longitudinally on the shaft d as herein shown, by means of a rod or bar c2 having secured to its opposite ends links 61 only one of which is shown in Figs. 2 and 14, the said links having their opposite ends connected to arms at" on a rod or shaft (Z supported in suitable bearings or lugs 01 at opposite sides of the machine. The shaft (1 is provided at its opposite ends with arms (Z d and the said arms are adapted to be engaged by forked levers c 6, fast on the opposite end of a shaft or rod 6 (see Figs. 1, 2, and 14,) the said shaft having bearings in suitable uprights 6 secured to the base-plate, as by screws 6 The forked levers e e are provided, as herein shown, with rollers e 6 which are adapted to be engaged by cam-blocks e a herein shown as substantially triangular in form to present inclined faces, against which bear the rollers e .2 when the said cams are i brought into engagement with the said rollers, which occurs when the carriage is at the opposite sides of the machine. The cams e e are herein shown as secured to the carriage to present their inclined faces in opposite directions, so that when one cam, as 6 is brought into engagement with its co-operating roller 6 the clutch mechanism will be operated to produce travel of the endless belt d and the carriage attached thereto in one direction-as, for instance, in the direction indicated by arrow 25, Fig. 4-so as to place the carriage in its normal or starting position. As soon as the carriage has been brought back so as to engage the cam c with its cooperating roller 6", the clutch mechanism will be moved to produce rotation of the shaft 61 in such direction as to feed the said carriage in the direction of arrow 21.

The carriage will be moved from the position at the left in Fig. 2 back into its normal or starting position substantially in an instant, while the forward movement is prevented by the pallet-bar 0 as is usual in typewriters as now constructed.'

The magnets 12 of the receiving -instrument are preferably located within an inclosing case, and the said case is provided at its rear end, as herein shown, with a suitable opening, through which the wires from the different magnets may be carried to be connected with a cable.

The receiving-instrument will preferably be provided with a switch, by which it may be cut out of circuit, when desired, the said switch being herein shown as a lever e, pivoted, as at e and adapted to engage a contact-point e The carriage or has secured to its opposite sidesa knife 6 located above the impression-roller a and supported, as shown, by arms a, secured to the movable frame, so

that, if desired, the paper which has been printed upon may be torn off from the roll.

The receiving'instrument is provided with the usual device or arrangement of gears by which the carbon-ribbon may be fed in the forward direction of the carriage, the said arrangement of gears consisting, as herein shown, of a bevel-gear e on a shaft e having mounted on it a ribbon drum or roll 6 the bevel-gear e meshing with the bevelgear a, in mesh with a bevel-gear e loose on the main shaft at, the said shaft having fast upon it a hub e to which is pivoted a pawl 6 adapted to engage a ratchet-wheel e on the sleeve of the bevel-gear The movable frame a is provided, as herein shown, with lugsfon its under side, to be engaged by the rod a having secured to or forming part of it an arm f, having pivoted to it a barf to which are secured the armatures of electro-magnets f 3 f the said magnets being located above the plate I), as herein represented, and connected to suitable keys of the transmitter, the said keys being suitably marked to indicate capital and small letters, so that when one key is pressed the armature will be attracted by the magnet f and moved in one direction to slide the movable frame a back on the carriage a, so as to place the impression-roller under one letter-as, for instance, the capital letter-and when the other magnet f 4 is energized the armature will be attracted in the opposite direction to move the'frame CLX back into its normal position to place the impression-cylinder in position to receive the blow from the small letter, which positions are clearly indicated by full and dotted lines, Fig. 5.

The transmitting-instrument has preferably secured to it a circuit-indicating device, shown in Fig. 8 as a case f provided with an opening in its top, with which normally registers a sign f secured to an armature f, pivoted in side supports f and surrounded by a coil f after the manner of an ordinary galvanometer, so that when the circuit of any one magnet of the receiving-instrument is closed and that circuit is in operative condition the armature will be deflected, so as to move the said sign, and thus indicate to the operator that, the receivinginstrument is in correct working condition.

In order that the operation of our apparatus maybe readily comprehended, we have represented in Fig. 9 a portion of two transmitting type-writers located in two different or distant stations A 13, connected to a portion of two receiving type-writers located in the said stations-that is, the transmitting type-writer in one station, as A, is connected to the receiving type-writer in the other or distant station E, and inasmuch as the circuit connections between both stations are alike we shall specifically describe but onenamely, the connections between the transmitting type-writer in station A and the receiving type-writer in station E. The spring- IIO arms a of the normally-open circuit-controllers are connected, as shown in Fig. 9, with the indicating device) by wire g, and the said indicating device is connected by wire g with one pole, as the negative pole, of a battery 9 The spring-arm a of each circuitcontroller is connected by an independent wire g to one of the electro-magnets b of the receiving type-writer in the station B, the said Wire 9 being herein shown as joined to a wire g, which is connected to one end of the coil of the said electro-magnet, the other end of the coil beingconnected to a switchlever e co-operating with a contact-point 6 to which one end of a wire 9 1s fastened, the otherend of said wire being secured to the switch-lever g flpivoted on the transmitter, as shown in Fig. 6, the lever g co-operating with a. contactpoint or button 9 connected by wire g to the positive pole of the battery.

In operation the keys a of the transmitting type-writer are depressed and close the circuit of themagnet b of the receiving type-writer,

connected to operate the type-lever a corresponding to the key a which has been struck, the transmitting type-writer printing a copy of the message sent. On the closing of the circuit of a magnet 19 the latter attracts its armature and by means of the lever 19 not only operates the type-lever a but alsolowers the ring or plate 0 and mechanically operates the feed mechanism.

The transmitter in one station, as A, may be'connected in circuit with any desired number of receiving-instruments located in the same or different stations.

The feed mechanism may be operated independently of the letter-keys a by means of a separate key adapted to close the circuit of the magnet 0 which attracts its armature and depresses the plate or ring 0 By means of the switch g the transmitting type-writer may be disconnected from the receivingrinstruments and the said transmitting-instrument employed in the usual manner without transmitting the message to the receiving-station.

By means of the circuit-controller herein shown a sure and reliable contact between its movable and stationary members is obtain ed.

In order that the receiving type-Writers may always be maintained in operative condition, each of said type-writers is provided, as herein shown, with an automatic circuitcloser, by which the circuit of a bell or other indicating device located in the receiving-station may be closed before the clock mechanism has completely run down. Preferably the mainspring (see Fig. 10) of the clock mechanism is made to form one member of the said circuit-closer, the said spring being herein shown as jointed to a rod 51, adapted toslide in a bearing-lug 52, secured to the inside of the drum 53. The rod 51 is herein shown as provided with a head 54 and is encircled between it and the said lug 52 by a spiral spring 55. The head 54 of the rod is adapted to be brought into contact with an arm 56, secured ,to but insulated from the inside of the drum, the said arm forming the second member of the circuit-controller. The mainspring is electrically connected to the shaft 57 of the drum, and the arm 56 isjoined by wire 58 to a commutator or metal band 59 on a sleeve 60, of insulating material, on the drum-shaft 57. The shaft 57 has co-operating with it a brush 61, and the metal band 59 a second brush 62, the said brushes forming the terminals of an electric circuit in which is located a bell or other indicating device.

(Not shown.) When the mainspringis wound up, the head 54 of the rod is substantially in engagement with the bearing-lug 52 and is removed from contact with the arm 56, thereby breaking the circuit of the indicating device; but on each movement of the carriage back to its normal or starting position the mainspring is wound to a limited extent and the headed rod 51 'is moved by the spiral spring 55 toward the arm 56, and afterthe carriage has been repeatedlymoved across the machine the head54 is brought in con, tact with the arm 56 and the circuit ofthe indicating device is closed, the said circuit being traced as follows, viz: brush 62, metal band 59, Wire 58, arm 56, headed rod 51, and mainspring to shaft 57 and brush 61. The indicating device notifies the operator at the receiving-station that the motor is nearly run down and should be rewound. In this manner the receiving-instrument is kept in working condition.

By means of our improved system of communication it will be'seen that an exact copy of the message transmitted is printed at the transmitting-station and can be inspected by the sender, so that the person sending the message may know exactly what has been sent, thereby reducing the liability of mistakes due to carelessness of the operator to a minimum and avoiding the consequences which are liable to arise from such mistakes. It will also be noticed that by providing the transmitting typewriter with circuit-controllers independent ofthe key-levers a trans mitting type-writer of special construction is not required and the instrument remains the same as now in use mechanically, it being only necessary to locate below the said keylevers the independent circuit-controllers, comprising a fixed and a movable member,

the movable member being struck by a keylever when it is depressed.

We claim 1. In a type-writer system of communication, the combination of the following instrumentalities, viz: a type-writer located at one point or station and provided with character keys or levers, a plurality of circuit-controllers co-operating with the said keys or levers, a type-Writer located at a receiving point or station, electro-magnets connected in circuit with the circuit-controllers of the type-writer may? in the first station, armatures for said electromagnets operative] y connected to the charac- (er-levers of the second instrument, a carriage'for said second instrument, a movable frame a an electro-magnet to move said frame into one position and a second electromagnet to move the said frame back into its normal or starting position, and independent circuit-controllers at the first station to control the circuit of the frame-moving magnets, substantially as described.

2. In a type-Writer system of communication, the combination, with a type-writer located at one station and a plurality of circuit- -controllers co-operating with the keys of the said type-writer, of a type-Writer located at a receiving-station and having its characterlevers operated by movement of the armatures of electro-magnets in circuit with said circuit-controllers, a carriage, a rack-bar on said carriage, a pallet-bar in engagement with said rack-bar, an electro-magnet to operate the said pallet-bar, a motor mechanism to move said carriage in opposite directions, a clutch mechanism to control the direction of movement of the said carriage, cams on the said carriage at its opposite ends, and devices connected to the clutch mechanism and operated by the said cams to actuate the clutch mechanism, substantially as described.

3. In a type-Writer system of communication, the combination, with a transmitting type-Writer located in one station and provided with normally-open circuit-controllers operated by the keys of the said type-Writer, of a receiving type-Writer provided with a carriage a, a movable frame a supported thereby, an impression-roller a carried by said movable frame, a ratchet-wheel on the said roller, a pawl to engage said ratchet- Wheel, a pivoted arm to which said pawl is secured, provided with a roller or projection, and a cam Z2 engaged by the said roller or projection to produce rotation of the impression-roller, substantially as described.

4. In a type-Writer system of communication, the combination, with a type-Writer lo cated at one station and a plurality of circuit-controllers co-operating with the keys of the said typewriter, of a type-Writer located at a receiving-station and having its character-levers operated by movement of the armatures of electro-magnets in circuit with said circuit-controllers, a carriage, an impressionroller carried by said carriage, a ratchet- Wheel to rotate said roller, an arm provided with a pawl to actuate said ratchet-Wheel, and a cam to act on the said arm to produce rotation of the said ratchet-Wheel, substantially as described.

5. In a type-Writer system of communication, the combination, with a type-Writer located at one station and a plurality of circuit-- controllers co-operating with the keys of the said type-writer, of a type-Writer located at a receiving-station and having its character-levers operated by movement of the armatu res of electro-magnets in circuit with said circuitcontrollers, a carriage, a feed mechanism for said carriage consisting of a rack-bar and a pallet-bar provided with a loose and rigid tooth, an electro-magnet having its armature connected to said pallet-bar to operate it, a clock mechanism to move said carriage, cams on said carriage, a shaft having arms adapted to be struck by said cams, and a clutch mechanism connected to the said shaft and adapted to produce movements of the carriage in opposite directions, substantially as described.

6. In a type-Writer system of communication, the combination, With a type-Writer located at one station and apluralityjof circuitcontrollers co-operating with the keys of the said type writer, of a typewriter located at a receiving-station and havingits character-levers operated by movement of the armatures of electro-magnets in circuit with said carriage, consisting of a rack-bar and a palletbar provided with a loose and rigid tooth, an electro-magnet having its armature eonnected to said pallet-bar to operate it, a movable frame a on said carriage, an impression-roller carried by said frame, a ratchet-Wheel on said roller, a pawl-carrying arm and a pawl to engage said ratchet, and a cam to act on said arm and rotate said ratchet- Wheel, substantially as described.

7. In a type-writer system of communication, the combination,with a type-writerprovided with key-levers, of a plurality of independent circnit-closers located below said keylevers and consisting of a movable member and a fixed member and means to hold the movable member normally out of contact with the fixed member, a type-Writer located at a receiving-station and provided with character-levers,a plurality of magnetshaving their armatures connected to said character-levers, a feed mechanism,a magnet to operate it, having its armature rigidly connected to the said feed mechanism, an impression-roller provided with a ratchet-Wheel, an arm provided with a pawl in engagement with said ratchet- Wheel, and a cam to act on said arm and rotate said ratchet-Wheel, substantially as described.

8. In a type-writer system of communication, the combination,with a type-Writer provided With key-levers, of a plurality of independent circuit-closers located below said keylevers and consisting of a movable member and a fixed member and means to hold the movable member normally out of contact with the fixed member, a type-writer located at a receiving-station and provided With character-levers, a plurality of magnets having their armatures connected to said character-levers, a movable carriage,a feed mechanism to move it in one direction, a magnet to operate said feed mechanism, a clock mechanism, and means to restore the movable carriage to its normal position, an impression-roller carried namesto this specification in the presence of by said carriage, a ratchet-wheelie rotate said two subscribing witnesses. roller, an arm on theroller-shaft, a pawl piv oted on said arm, and a, cam to act on said ALBERT D. NEAL.

5 arm and rotate the ratchet-wheel when the HOWARD F. EATON.

carriage is restored to its normal position, Witnesses: substantially as described. GEO. W. GREGORY,

In testimony whereof We have signed our EMMA J. BENNETT. 

